UNIT NINE

P99 Victorian Age in Britain: Houses of Parliament
Theme: Class and Society                                                        Gardners: Chapter 27
Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament). London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin (architects). 1840–1870 C.E. Limestone masonry and glass. (V: Gothic Revival, House of Lords, House of Commons, Victoria Tower, Elizabeth Tower, Westminster Hall, Contrasts, Arts and Crafts Movement, Magna Carta)

P100 Nineteenth-Century Photography
Theme: Innovation and Experimentation                       Gardners: Chapters 27-29
Still Life in Studio. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre. 1837 C.E. Daguerreotype. (V: daguerreotype, calotype, hypo, Nicéphore Niépce
Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art. Honoré Daumier. 1862 C.E. Lithograph. (V: lithograph, Nadar, collodion method, Le Géant)
The Horse in Motion. Eadweard Muybridge. 1878 C.E. Albumen print. (V: Animal Locomotion, zoopraxiscope, persistence of vision, Leland Stanford)
The Steerage. Alfred Stieglitz. 1907 C.E. Photogravure. (V: Photo-Secessionists, 291)

P101 Impressionism: Monet, Caillebotte, and Renoir
Theme: Challenging Tradition                                                 Gardners: Chapter 28
The Saint-Lazare Station. Claude Monet. 1877 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: Impressionism, plein-air, flâneur, Société Anonyme des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, etc..)

P102 Impressionism: Degas and Cassatt
Theme: Domestic Life and Surroundings                               Gardners: Chapter 28
The Coiffure. Mary Cassatt. 1890–1891 C.E. Drypoint and aquatint. (V: voyeur, Japanese woodblock prints, drypoint, aquatint)

P103 Post-Impressionism: Van Gogh and Gauguin
Theme: Death and the Afterlife                                               Gardners: Chapter 28
The Starry Night. Vincent van Gogh. 1889 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: Post-Impressionism)
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Paul Gauguin. 1897–1898 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: theosophy, mahu, Hina, Tahiti)
 
P104 Post-Impressionism: Seurat and Cézanne
Theme: Innovation and Experimentation                              Gardners: Chapter 28
Mont Sainte-Victoire. Paul Cézanne. 1902–1904 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: passage (French term), formalism)

P105 Symbolism: Ensor, Munch, and Klimt
Theme: Art and Human Psychology                                        Gardners: Chapter 28
The Scream. Edvard Munch. 1893 C.E. Tempera and pastels on cardboard. (V: Symbolism, Nietzsche) 
The Kiss. Gustav Klimt. 1907–1908 C.E. Oil and gold leaf on canvas. (V: Vienna Secessionists, Art Nouveau)

P106 Early Modern Sculpture: Rodin and Brancusi
Theme: Challenging Tradition                                                 Gardners: Chapter 28
The Burghers of Calais. Auguste Rodin. 1884–1895 C.E. Bronze. (V: Hundred Years War, Franco-Prussian War)
The Kiss. Constantin Brancusi. 1907–1908 C.E. Limestone. (V: monolithic, reductive)

P107 Chicago School and Prairie Style: Sullivan and Wright
Theme: Innovation and Experimentation                       Gardners: Chapters 28-29
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building. Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Louis Sullivan (architect). 1899–1903 C.E. Iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta. (V: Chicago School, cast iron, steel frame, curtain wall)
Fallingwater. Pennsylvania, U.S. Frank Lloyd Wright (architect). 1936–1939 C.E. Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass. (V: Prairie Style, cantilevers, open plan)

P108 Cubism: Picasso and Braque
Theme: Challenging Tradition                                                 Gardners: Chapter 29
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. Pablo Picasso. 1907 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: primitivism)
The Portuguese. Georges Braque. 1911 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: Analytic Cubism, monochromatic)

P109 Fauvism and German Expressionism: Matisse, Kirchner, and Kollwitz
Theme: Challenging Tradition                                                 Gardners: Chapter 29
Goldfish. Henri Matisse. 1912 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: Fauvism)
Self-Portrait as a Soldier. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. 1915 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: Die Brücke, nihilism, Ubermensch)
Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht. Käthe Kollwitz. 1919–1920 C.E. Woodcut. (V: Communism, Karl Liebknecht, Weimar Republic)

P110 Bahaus, DeStijl, and Russian Constructivism: Kandinsky, Mondrian, and Stepanova
Theme: Challenging Tradition                                                 Gardners: Chapter 29
Improvisation 28 (second version). Vassily Kandinsky. 1912 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: Der Blaue Reiter, nonobjective, improvisation, Bauhaus, Arnold Schoenberg, Albert Einstein, theory of relativity)
Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow. Piet Mondrian. 1930 C.E. Oil on canvas. (V: DeStijl, Neoplasticism, primary colors)
Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan. Varvara Stepanova. 1932 C.E. Photomontage. (V: Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Five-Year plan, photomontage)

P111 Dada and Surrealism: Duchamp, Höch, Magritte, and Oppenheim
Theme: Challenging Tradition                                                 Gardners: Chapter 29
Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure). Meret Oppenheim. 1936 C.E. Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon. (V: Surrealism)
Fountain (second version). Marcel Duchamp. 1950 C.E. (original 1917). Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint. (V: Dada, readymade)

P112 International Style (Mid-Century Modern): Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe
Theme: Innovation and Experimentation                       Gardners: Chapters 29-30
Villa Savoye. Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Le Corbusier (architect). 1929 C.E. Steel and reinforced concrete. (V: International Style, pilotis, ribbon window, ferroconcrete)
Seagram Building. New York City, U.S. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson (architects). 1954–1958 C.E. Steel frame with glass curtain wall and bronze. (V: skyscraper, I-beams)